Events 634

1 events

1.1 place

1.1.1 byzantine empire
1.1.2 europe
1.1.3 britain
1.1.4 persia
1.1.5 arabia
1.1.6 asia


1.2 topic

1.2.1 religion

events
by place
byzantine empire

arab–byzantine war: emperor heraclius, ill, infirm, , unpopular eastern orthodox church, unable lead byzantine army resist muslim conquest of levant. sends brother theodore assemble forces retake newly won muslim territories. monophysites , jews throughout syria welcome arab invaders, discontent byzantine rule.
july 30 – battle of ajnadayn: byzantine forces (9,000 men) under theodore defeated rashidun caliphate near beit shemesh (modern-day israel). heraclius, in emesa, flees antioch upon hearing news of battle s outcome.

europe

king dagobert forced austrasian nobles put 3-year-old son sigebert iii on throne, ceding royal power in austrasia. frees himself dependence on pepin of landen, , extends rule on bretons (approximate date).

britain

eanfrith of bernicia , bodyguard killed king cadwallon of gwynedd, in attempt negotiate peace. eanfrith s brother oswald returns 18 years exile in dál riata (modern scotland), claim crown of northumbria.
battle of heavenfield: oswald, accompanied possibly force of scots (or picts), defeats , kills cadwallon welsh army near hexham (northern england). reunites deira bernicia, , becomes king of northumbria.

persia

battle of bridge: persian forces (10,000 men) under bahman jadhuyih defeat muslim arabs @ euphrates (near kufa). sight of elephants panics muslims, , many killed. bahman not pursue fleeing arab army.

arabia

battle of firaz: rashidun arabs (15,000 men) under khalid ibn al-walid defeat combined forces of byzantine empire, persian empire , arab christians (at least 10 times larger khalid s army) in mesopotamia (iraq).
february 4 – battle of dathin: rashidun forces under yazid ibn abi sufyan defeat christian arabs around gaza. muslim victory celebrated local jews, have been persecuted minority within byzantine empire.
the rashidun caliphate starts islamic conquest of byzantine empire, when muslim forces under abu ubaidah ibn al-jarrah invade levant. khalid sets out syria al-hirah, taking him half army, 8,000 strong.
battle of al-qaryatayn: muslim arabs under khalid defeat ghassanids @ al-qaryatayn, after inhabitants resist proposals. army conquers , plunders city, before proceeding capture other towns in area.
battle of marj rahit: muslim arab army under khalid defeats byzantine forces (15,000 men) , ghassanid allies. after battle sends mounted column outskirts of damascus, plunder region.
battle of bosra: muslim forces under khalid besiege byzantine , christian arab garrison (12,000 men) @ bosra. after few days fortress city surrenders; khalid imposes on inhabitants payment of tribute.
august 23 – abu bakr dies @ medina , succeeded umar i, becomes second caliph (khalifah) of rashidun caliphate. during rule umar conquers syria, persia, , egypt in holy war .
september 19 – siege of damascus: muslim arabs under khalid conquer damascus first major city of byzantine empire. damascan refugees given guarantee of safety retreat antioch.
battle of maraj-al-debaj: byzantine convoy of damascan refugees (10,000 men) slaughtered muslim army near antioch. mobile guard (elite light cavalry) captures great amount of brocade.

asia

the tuyuhun kingdom invaded chinese forces under li jing (tang dynasty) during emperor taizong s campaign against tuyuhun, resulting in murder of leader (khan) murong fuyun in 635.
tai zong orders construction of daming palace in chang an. builds summer palace retired father, emperor gao zu, act of filial piety.

by topic
religion

aidan of lindisfarne, irish missionary, summoned king oswald iona (inner hebrides) establish bishopric on holy island of lindisfarne, , reestablish christianity in northumbria (approximate date).
birinus, frankish missionary, lands @ port of hamwic (now in st. mary s area of southampton), on mission reconvert west saxons in england. time, st mary s church founded.
sophronius becomes patriarch of jerusalem. sends synodical letters pope honorius , eastern patriarchs, explaining orthodox belief, renouncing monothelitism.