Eastern Turkic Khaganate Turkic Khaganate

eastern turkic khaganates in 700

the civil war left empire divided eastern , western parts. eastern part, still ruled otukan, remained in orbit of sui , retained name göktürk. shibi khan (609–19) , illig qaghan (620–30) attacked china @ weakest moment during transition between sui , tang. on september 11, 615 shibi s army surrounded emperor yang of sui @ yanmen (modern dai county, xinzhou, shanxi).

in 626, illig qaghan took advantage of xuanwu gate incident , drove on chang an. on september 23, 626 illig qaghan , iron cavalry reached bank of wei river north of bian bridge (in present-day xianyang, shaanxi). on september 25, 626 li shimin (later emperor taizong of tang) , illig qaghan formed alliance sacrificing white horse on bian bridge. tang paid compensation , promised further tribute, illig qaghan ordered iron cavalry withdraw. known alliance of wei river (渭水之盟), or alliance of bian qiao (便橋會盟 / 便桥会盟). in all, 67 incursions on chinese territories recorded.

before mid-october 627, heavy snows on mongolian-manchurian grassland covered ground depth of several feet, preventing nomads livestock grazing , causing massive die-off among animals. according new book of tang, in 628, taizong mentioned there has been frost in midsummer. sun had risen same place 5 days. moon had had same light level 3 days. field filled red atmosphere (dust storm).

illig qaghan brought down revolt of tiele vassal tribes (626–630), allied emperor taizong of tang. tribal alliance figures in chinese records huihe (uyghur).

on march 27, 630 tang army under command of li jing defeated eastern turkic khaganate under command of illig qaghan @ battle of yinshan (陰山之戰 / 阴山之战). illig qaghan fled ishbara shad, on may 2, 630 zhang baoxiang s army advanced ishbara shad s headquarters. illig qaghan taken prisoner , sent chang an. eastern turkic khaganate collapsed , incorporated jimi system of tang. emperor taizong said, s enough me compensate dishonor @ wei river.