History Raffles Lighthouse

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raffles lighthouse located on pulau satumu (indicated arrow), south of main island of singapore


in 1968, installation of 4th order electrically operated revolving optic replaced original 2nd order optic pressurised vapour kerosene hood mantle burner. light source changed 100-volt/1,000-watt incandescent bulb producing 350,000 candelas of light intensity visibility range of 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi). power supply came 1 of 3 generators installed in generator room built close keeper s room. rotation electrically driven motors, crew reduced 4 men.


in 1988 4th order optic replaced rotating beacon. comprised array of quartz halogen lamps in aluminium parabolic reflectors mounted on gearless revolving pedestal. lamps require one-fifth of energy required produce same intensity incandescent lamps. these low-power lamps therefore allow solar power used in place of generators. in addition, operation of light controlled photocell. manning of lighthouse further reduced 2 men. use of solar energy freely , readily available has resulted in reduction of operating , maintenance cost.







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