Risks Multiple birth

1 risks

1.1 premature birth , low birth weight
1.2 cerebral palsy
1.3 incomplete separation
1.4 mortality rate (stillbirth)
1.5 prevention in ivf

risks
premature birth , low birth weight

babies born multiple-birth pregnancies more result in premature birth single pregnancies. 51% of twins , 91% of triplets born preterm, compared 9.4% in singletons. 14% of twins , 41% of triplets born preterm, compared 1.7% in singletons.

at present, there no way stop twins being born early. in women single pregnancies drugs called betamimetics can relax muscles of uterus , delay birth. giving betamimetics can give more time give steroids, baby’s lung development, or transfer mother hospital special care unit.

however, there not enough evidence whether or not women twin pregnancies should given oral betamimetics reduce risk of preterm birth. in studies betamimetics have reduced rate of preterm labour in twin pregnancies studies small draw solid conclusions. likewise, putting stitch in neck of womb (a cervical suture) prevent premature birth has not been shown work in women carrying more 1 baby due small sample sizes in studies.

the preterm births result in multiples tending have lower birth weight compared singletons.

some evidence indicates 1.10% of singletons born low birth weight , 10.12% twins , 31.88% triplets found born low birth weight. study conducted looking @ statistics u.s. natality files (5).

among exceptions kupresak triplets of mississauga, ontario, canada; combined weight @ birth in 2008, of 17 lbs, 2.7 ounces, set world record.

cerebral palsy

cerebral palsy more common among multiple births single births, being 2.3 per 1,000 survivors in singletons, 13 in twins, , 45 in triplets in north west england. side effect of premature birth , low birth weight.

incomplete separation

multiples may monochorionic, sharing same chorion, resultant risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. monochorionic multiples may monoamniotic, sharing same amniotic sac, resulting in risk of umbilical cord compression , nuchal cord. in rare cases, there may conjoined twins, possibly impairing function of internal organs.

mortality rate (stillbirth)

multiples known have higher mortality rate. more common multiple births stillborn, while singletons risk not high. literary review on multiple pregnancies shows study done on 1 set each of septuplets , octuplets, 2 sets of sextuplets, 8 sets of quintuplets, 17 sets of quadruplets, , 228 sets of triplets. doing study, hammond found mean gestational age (how many weeks when birthed) @ birth 33.4 weeks triplets , 31 weeks quadruplets. shows stillbirth happens 3–5 weeks before woman reaches full term , sextuplets or higher ends in death of fetuses. though multiples @ greater risk of being stillborn, there inconclusive evidence whether actual mortality rate higher in multiples in singletons.

prevention in ivf

today many multiple pregnancies result of in vitro fertilisation (ivf). in study in 1997 of 2,173 embryo transfers performed part of in vitro fertilisation (ivf), 34% delivered pregnancies. overall multiple pregnancy rate 31.3% (24.7% twins, 5.8% triplets, , .08% quadruplets). because ivfs producing more multiples, number of efforts being made reduce risk of multiple births- triplets or more. medical practitioners doing limiting number of embryos per embryo transfer 1 or two. way, risks mother , fetuses decreased.

the appropriate number of embryos transferred depends on age of woman, whether first, second or third full ivf cycle attempt , whether there top-quality embryos available. according guideline national institute health , care excellence (nice) in 2013, number of embryos transferred in cycle should chosen in following table:

also, recommended use single embryo transfer in situations if top-quality blastocyst available.