Uses Maize

1 uses

1.1 human food
1.2 nutritional value
1.3 feed , fodder livestock
1.4 chemicals
1.5 bio-fuel
1.6 commodity
1.7 ornamental , other uses
1.8 united states usage breakdown

uses
human food

vegetable maize (sweet corn)



maize being roasted on open flame in india.



cut white sweet corn



dried maize mote, known hominy, used in mexican cuisine

maize , cornmeal (ground dried maize) constitute staple food in many regions of world.

maize central mexican food. virtually every dish in mexican cuisine uses maize. in form of grain or cornmeal, maize main ingredient of tortillas, tamales, pozole, atole , dishes based on them, tacos, quesadillas, chilaquiles, enchiladas, tostadas , many more. in mexico fungus of maize, known huitlacoche considered delicacy.

introduced africa portuguese in 16th century, maize has become africa s important staple food crop. maize meal made thick porridge in many cultures: polenta of italy, angu of brazil, mămăligă of romania, cornmeal mush in (and hominy grits in south) or food called mealie pap in south africa , sadza, nshima , ugali in other parts of africa. maize meal used replacement wheat flour, make cornbread , other baked products. masa (cornmeal treated limewater) main ingredient tortillas, atole , many other dishes of central american food.

popcorn consists of kernels of varieties explode when heated, forming fluffy pieces eaten snack. roasted dried maize ears semihardened kernels, coated seasoning mixture of fried chopped spring onions salt added oil, popular snack food in vietnam. cancha, roasted maize chulpe kernels, popular snack food in peru, , appears in traditional peruvian ceviche. unleavened bread called makki di roti popular bread eaten in punjab region of india , pakistan.

chicha , chicha morada (purple chicha) drinks typically made particular types of maize. first 1 fermented , alcoholic, second soft drink commonly drunk in peru.

corn flakes common breakfast cereal in north america , united kingdom, , found in many other countries on world.

maize can prepared hominy, in kernels soaked lye in process called nixtamalization; or grits, coarsely ground hominy. these commonly eaten in southeastern united states, foods handed down native americans, called dish sagamite.

the brazilian dessert canjica made boiling maize kernels in sweetened milk. maize can harvested , consumed in unripe state, when kernels grown still soft. unripe maize must cooked become palatable; may done boiling or roasting whole ears , eating kernels right off cob. sweet corn, genetic variety high in sugars , low in starch, consumed in unripe state. such corn on cob common dish in united states, canada, united kingdom, cyprus, parts of south america, , balkans, virtually unheard of in european countries. corn on cob hawked on streets of 19th-century new york city poor, barefoot hot corn girls , precursors of hot dog carts, churro wagons, , fruit stands seen on streets of big cities today. cooked, unripe kernels may shaved off cob , served vegetable in side dishes, salads, garnishes, etc. alternatively, raw unripe kernels may grated off cobs , processed variety of cooked dishes, such maize purée, tamales, pamonhas, curau, cakes, ice creams, etc.

maize major source of starch. cornstarch (maize flour) major ingredient in home cooking , in many industrialized food products. maize major source of cooking oil (corn oil) , of maize gluten. maize starch can hydrolyzed , enzymatically treated produce syrups, particularly high fructose corn syrup, sweetener; , fermented , distilled produce grain alcohol. grain alcohol maize traditionally source of bourbon whiskey. maize used starch source beer. within united states, usage of maize human consumption constitutes 1/40th of amount grown in country. in united states , canada, maize grown feed livestock, forage, silage (made fermentation of chopped green cornstalks), or grain. maize meal significant ingredient of commercial animal food products, such dog food.

nutritional value

raw, yellow, sweet maize kernels composed of 76% water, 19% carbohydrates, 3% protein, , 1% fat (table). in 100-gram serving, maize kernels provide 86 calories , source (10-19% of daily value) of b vitamins, thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid (b5) , folate (right table raw, uncooked kernels, usda nutrient database). in moderate amounts, supply dietary fiber , essential minerals, magnesium , phosphorus whereas other nutrients in low amounts (table).

maize has suboptimal amounts of essential amino acids tryptophan , lysine, accounts lower status protein source.

feed , fodder livestock

maize major source of both grain feed , fodder livestock. fed livestock in various ways. when used grain crop, dried kernels used feed. kept on cob storage in corn crib, or may shelled off storage in grain bin. farm consumes feed may produce it, purchase on market, or of both. when grain used feed, rest of plant (the corn stover) can used later fodder, bedding (litter), or soil amendment. when whole maize plant (grain plus stalks , leaves) used fodder, chopped @ once , ensilaged, digestibility , palatability higher in ensilaged form in dried form. maize silage 1 of valuable forages ruminants. before advent of widespread ensilaging, traditional gather corn shocks after harvesting, dried further. or without subsequent move cover of barn, stored weeks several months until fed livestock. today ensilaging can occur not in siloes in silage wrappers. however, in tropics maize can harvested year-round , fed green forage animals.

chemicals

starch maize can made plastics, fabrics, adhesives, , many other chemical products.

the corn steep liquor, plentiful watery byproduct of maize wet milling process, used in biochemical industry , research culture medium grow many kinds of microorganisms.

chrysanthemin found in purple corn , used food coloring.

bio-fuel

feed maize being used increasingly heating; specialized corn stoves (similar wood stoves) available , use either feed maize or wood pellets generate heat. maize cobs used biomass fuel source. maize relatively cheap , home-heating furnaces have been developed use maize kernels fuel. feature large hopper feeds uniformly sized maize kernels (or wood pellets or cherry pits) fire.

maize increasingly used feedstock production of ethanol fuel. when considering construct ethanol plant, 1 of site selection criteria ensure there locally available feedstock. ethanol mixed gasoline decrease amount of pollutants emitted when used fuel motor vehicles. high fuel prices in mid-2007 led higher demand ethanol, in turn led higher prices paid farmers maize. led 2007 harvest being 1 of profitable maize crops in modern history farmers. because of relationship between fuel , maize, prices paid crop tend track price of oil.

the price of food affected degree use of maize biofuel production. cost of transportation, production, , marketing large portion (80%) of price of food in united states. higher energy costs affect these costs, transportation. increase in food prices consumer has been seeing due higher energy cost. effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices indirect. use of maize biofuel production increases demand, , therefore price of maize. this, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted other food crops maize production. reduces supply of other food crops , increases prices.

farm-based maize silage digester located near neumünster in germany, 2007. green inflatable biogas holder shown on top of digester

maize used in germany feedstock biogas plants. here maize harvested, shredded placed in silage clamps fed biogas plants. process makes use of whole plant rather using kernels in production of fuel ethanol.

a biomass gasification power plant in strem near güssing, burgenland, austria, began in 2005. research being done make diesel out of biogas fischer tropsch method.

increasingly, ethanol being used @ low concentrations (10% or less) additive in gasoline (gasohol) motor fuels increase octane rating, lower pollutants, , reduce petroleum use (what nowadays known biofuels , has been generating intense debate regarding human beings necessity of new sources of energy, on 1 hand, , need maintain, in regions such latin america, food habits , culture has been essence of civilizations such 1 originated in mesoamerica; entry, january 2008, of maize among commercial agreements of nafta has increased debate, considering bad labor conditions of workers in fields, , fact nafta opened doors import of maize united states, farmers grow receive multimillion dollar subsidies , other government supports. (...) according oxfam uk, after nafta went effect, price of maize in mexico fell 70% between 1994 , 2001. number of farm jobs dropped well: 8.1 million in 1993 6.8 million in 2002. many of found without work small-scale maize growers. ). however, introduction in northern latitudes of of tropical maize biofuels, , not human or animal consumption, may potentially alleviate this.

as result of federal government announcing production target of 35 billion gallons (130,000,000 m) of biofuels 2017, ethanol production grow 7 billion gallons (26,000,000 m) 2010, 4.5 billion in 2006, boosting ethanol s share of maize demand in 22.6 percent 36.1 percent.

commodity

maize bought , sold investors , price speculators tradable commodity using corn futures contracts. these futures traded on chicago board of trade (cbot) under ticker symbol c. delivered every year in march, may, july, september, , december.

ornamental , other uses

some forms of plant grown ornamental use in garden. purpose, variegated , colored leaf forms colorful ears used.

corncobs can hollowed out , treated make inexpensive smoking pipes, first manufactured in united states in 1869.

children playing in maize kernel box

an unusual use maize create corn maze (or maize maze ) tourist attraction. idea of maize maze introduced american maze company created maze in pennsylvania in 1993. traditional mazes commonly grown using yew hedges, these take several years mature. rapid growth of field of maize allows maze laid out using gps @ start of growing season , maize grow tall enough obstruct visitor s line of sight start of summer. in canada , us, these popular in many farming communities.

maize kernels can used in place of sand in sandboxlike enclosure children s play.

stigmas female maize flowers, popularly called corn silk, sold herbal supplements.

maize used fish bait, called dough balls . particularly popular in europe coarse fishing.

additionally, feed corn used hunters bait animals such deer or wild hogs.

united states usage breakdown

the breakdown of usage of 12.1-billion-bushel (307-million-tonne) 2008 maize crop follows, according world agricultural supply , demand estimates report usda.

in since 2009/2010, maize feedstock use ethanol production has exceeded direct use livestock feed; maize use fuel ethanol 5,130 million bushels (130 million tonnes) in 2013/2014 marketing year.

a fraction of maize feedstock dry matter used ethanol production usefully recovered ddgs (dried distillers grains solubles). in 2010/2011 marketing year, 29.1 million tonnes of ddgs fed livestock , poultry. because starch utilization in fermentation ethanol production leaves other grain constituents more concentrated in residue, feed value per kg of ddgs, regard ruminant-metabolizable energy , protein, exceeds of grain. feed value monogastric animals, such swine , poultry, lower ruminants.