By place 637
1 place
1.1 britain
1.2 persia
1.3 arabian empire
1.4 asia
by place
britain
june 24 – battle of mag rath: king oswald of northumbria sends troops ireland, assist domnall brecc king of dál riata in alliance king congal cáech of ulaid against domnall mac aedo high king of ireland, during irish dynastic wars. domnall brecc, congal , forces defeated near moira. @ mull of kintyre (southwest scotland), domnall ii s fleet destroys domnall brecc s naval force of dál riata.
persia
march – siege of ctesiphon: rashidun army (15,000 men) under sa`d ibn abi waqqas occupies persian capital of ctesiphon, after two-month siege. king yazdegerd iii flees imperial treasure eastward media. muslim forces conquer persian provinces far khuzestan (modern iran).
battle of jalula: muslim arabs defeat persian forces (20,000 men) under farrukhzad @ diyala river. cities tikrit , mosul captured, completing conquest of persia. region west of zagros mountains annexed rashidun caliphate.
arabian empire
april – siege of jerusalem: rashidun army (20,000 men), led amr ibn al- as, conquers jerusalem after six-month siege. byzantine garrison surrenders caliph umar i, invited sophronius, patriarch of jerusalem, pray in church of holy sepulchre. umar declines, fearing accepting invitation might endanger church s status, , turn christian holy site mosque.
battle of hazir: muslim arab forces (17,000 men) under khalid ibn al-walid defeat byzantine army near qinnasrin (northern syria). cities of beirut , tyre captured yazid ibn abi sufyan after short siege.
october – siege of aleppo: muslim arabs under khalid ibn al-walid conquer byzantine stronghold aleppo; large walled city surrenders after four-month siege. column of troops under malik al-ashtar sent take azaz.
battle of iron bridge: rashidun forces under khalid ibn al-walid defeat byzantine army , christian arabs near antioch, @ orontes river. marks complete annexation of syria rashidun caliphate.
asia
chang an, capital of tang dynasty (china), becomes largest city of world, taking lead ctesiphon, capital of persia.
queen seondeok of silla (korea) builds near gyeongju astronomical observatory (cheomseongdae), 1 of oldest in east asia.
king songtsän gampo builds first palace on site of potala palace in lhasa (tibet).
^ rosenthal, p. 12
^ akram 2004, p. 431
^ great islamic conquests ad 632–750, david nicolle (2009), p. 52. isbn 978-1-84603-273-8
^ geography @ about.com
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