Canada List of concentration and internment camps

1 canada

1.1 list of world war prisoner-of-war camps in canada
1.2 ukrainian canadian internment
1.3 list of world war ii prisoner-of-war camps in canada
1.4 internment of jewish refugees
1.5 german canadian internment
1.6 italian canadian internment
1.7 japanese internment , relocation centres

1.7.1 camps , relocation centres in west kootenay , boundary regions
1.7.2 self-supporting centres in lillooet-fraser canyon region
1.7.3 camps , relocation centres elsewhere in canada

canada
list of world war prisoner-of-war camps in canada
ukrainian canadian internment

in world war i, 8,579 male aliens of enemy nationality interned, including 5,954 austro-hungarians, including ethnic ukrainians, croats, , serbs. many of these internees used forced labour in internment camps.

list of world war ii prisoner-of-war camps in canada

in world war ii, canadian government interned people of german, italian , japanese ancestry, besides citizens of other origins deemed dangerous national security. included both fascists (including canadians such adrien arcand had negotiated hitler obtain positions in government of canada once canada conquered), montreal mayor camillien houde (for denouncing conscription) , union organizers , other people deemed dangerous communists. such internment made legal defence of canada regulations, passed 3 september 1939. section 21 of read:

the minister of justice, if satisfied that, view preventing particular person acting in manner prejudicial public safety or safety of state, necessary so, may, notwithstanding in these regulations, make order [...] directing detained virtue of order made under paragraph, deemed in legal custody.

internment of jewish refugees

european refugees had managed escape nazis , made britain, rounded enemy aliens in 1940. many interned on isle of man, , 2,300 sent canada, jews. transported on same boats german , italian pows. sent camps in new brunswick, ontario , quebec provinces mixed in canadian fascists , other political prisoners, nazi pows, etc.

german canadian internment

during second world war, 850 german canadians accused of being spies nazis, subversives , saboteurs. internees given chance authorities defend themselves; according transcripts of appeal tribunals, internees , state officials debated conflicting concepts of citizenship.

many german canadians interned in camp petawawa nineteenth-century migration in 1876. had arrived in small area year after polish migration landed in wilno, ontario. hamlet, made of farmers primarily, called germanicus, , in bush less 10 miles eganville, ontario. farms (homesteads originally) expropriated federal government no compensation, , men imprisoned behind barbed wire in aoat camp. (the foymount air force base near cormac , eganville built on expropriated land.) notable not 1 of these homesteaders 1876 or descendants had ever visited germany again after 1876, yet accused of being german nazi agents.

756 german sailors, captured in east asia sent camps in india canada in june 1941 (camp 33).

by april 19, 1941, 61 prisoners had made break liberty canadian internment camps. escapees included 28 german prisoners escaped internment camp east of port arthur, ontario in april, 1941.

italian canadian internment

on june 10, 1940, italy joined war on axis side. after that, italian canadians heavily scrutinized. openly fascist organizations deemed illegal while individuals fascist inclinations arrested without warrants. organizations seen openly fascist had properties confiscated without warrants well. provision in canadian war measures act enacted prime minister king. named defense of canada regulations, allowed government authorities take needed measures protect country internal threats , enemies. same afternoon italy joined axis powers, italian consular , embassy officials asked leave physically possible. canada, heavily involved in war effort on allies side, saw italian communities breeding ground of internal threats , haven of conceivable spy networks helping fascist axis nations of italy , germany. though many italians anti-fascist , no longer politically involved homeland, did not stop 600-700 italians being sent internment camps throughout canada.

the main brunt of italian prisoners sent camp petawawa situated in ottawa river valley. october 1940 round had been completed. italian canadian montrealer, mario duliani wrote, city without women life in internment camp petawawa during world war ii describes personal account of struggles of time. throughout country italians investigated rcmp officials had compiled list of italian persons politically involved , connected in italian communities. of arrested individuals montreal , toronto areas , pronounced enemy aliens.

after war, resentment , suspicion still lingered upon italian communities. laval fortier, commissioner overseas immigration after war wrote italian south peasant not type looking in canada. standard of living, way of life, civilization seem different doubt if ever become asset our country . such remarks embedded large proportion of country had negative views upon italian communities. gallop poll released in 1946 showed 73 percent of québécois against immigration 25 percent stating italians group of people wanted kept out. such stance upon italian people evident though years prior war had proven italians asset canadian economy , industry, accomplished critical jobs seen unappealing such laying track across rural , dangerous landscapes , construction of infrastructure in urban areas.

japanese internment , relocation centres

during world war ii, canada interned residents of japanese ancestry. on 75% canadian citizens , vital in key areas of economy, notably fishery , logging , berry farming. exile took 2 forms: relocation centres families , relatively well-off individuals low security threat, , internment camps (often called concentration camps in contemporary accounts, controversially so) single men, less well-off, , deemed security risk. after war, many did not return coast because of bitter feelings treatment, , fears of further hostility non-japanese citizens; of returned 25% regained confiscated property , businesses. remained in other parts of canada, notably parts of british columbia interior , in neighbouring province of alberta.

camps , relocation centres in west kootenay , boundary regions

internment camps, called relocation centres , @ greenwood, kaslo, lemon creek, new denver, rosebery, sandon, slocan city, , tashme. nearly-empty ghost towns when internment began, others, kaslo , greenwood, while less populous in boom years, substantial communities.

self-supporting centres in lillooet-fraser canyon region

a different kind of camp, known self-supporting centre, found in other regions. bridge river, minto city, mcgillivray falls, east lillooet, taylor lake in lillooet country or nearby. other taylor lake, these called self-supporting centres , not internment camps. first 3 listed in mountainous area physically isolated fences , guards not required egress region rail or water. mcgillivray falls , tashme, on crowsnest highway east of hope, british columbia, on minimum 100 miles coast required deportation order, though tashme had direct road access on distance, unlike mcgillivray. because of isolation of country coast-wards mcgillivray, men camp hired work @ sawmill in has since been named devine, after mill s owner, within 100-mile quarantine zone. many of in east lillooet camp hired work in town, or on farms nearby, particularly @ fountain, while @ minto , minto mine , @ bridge river worked railway or hydro company.

camps , relocation centres elsewhere in canada

there internment camps near kananaskis, alberta; petawawa, ontario; hull, quebec; minto, new brunswick; amherst, nova scotia , st. john s, newfoundland. 250 people worked guards @ amherst, nova scotia camp @ park , hickman streets april 1915 september 1919. prisoners, including leon trotsky, cleared land around experimental farm , built pool in dickey park.