United States List of concentration and internment camps

1 united states

1.1 indigenous people
1.2 american civil war
1.3 philippines
1.4 german-americans during world war i
1.5 japanese-, german-, italian-americans , native alaskans during world war ii
1.6 vietnam war
1.7 afghan war , occupation of iraq

united states
indigenous people

the first large-scale confinement of specific ethnic group in detention centers began in summer of 1838, when president martin van buren ordered u.s. army enforce treaty of new echota (a native american removal treaty) rounding cherokee prison camps before relocating them. called emigration depots , 3 main ones located @ ross s landing (chattanooga, tennessee), fort payne, alabama, , fort cass (charleston, tennessee). fort cass largest, on 4,800 cherokee prisoners held on summer of 1838. many died in these camps due disease, spread rapidly because of close quarters , bad sanitary conditions: see trail of tears.

throughout remainder of indian wars, various populations of native americans rounded up, trekked across country , put detention, long 2 years.

the united states – dakota indian war of 1862 resulted in loss of life, fear, suffering , hardship minnesotan citizens while disproportionately harming dakota , other indigenous people found on either side of conflict, concurrent civil war. former minnesota governor alexander ramsey decreed on september 9, 1862 sioux indians of minnesota must exterminated or driven forever beyond borders of state leading forced removal , banishment of indigenous people surrender , government-sanctioned bounties awarded scalps of fleeing or resisting indigenous person.

on december 26, 1862 thirty 8 dakota warriors, including we-chank-wash-ta-don-pee (often called chaska), pardoned, hanged label of murderers , rapists of civilians rather ‘war criminals’ in largest mass execution in united states history @ order of president abraham lincoln, remaining 361 prisoners being sent segregated prison camps in other states days before emancipation proclamation issued.

approximately 1,700 dakota women, children , elderly force-marched fenced concentration camp near base of fort snelling built on dakota sacred area called bdote mississippi river , minnesota rivers meet. here women separated men before being exiled reservations in neighboring states , canada. these reservations tended disregard native american culture , traditions , children placed in boarding schools, focused on european-based culture , religions.

american civil war


confederates being marched out during time of torture @ elmira.



a union soldier survived

the elmira prison concentration camp utilized union confederate prisoners. andersonville prison, , libby prison resembled concentration camps, utilized confederacy hold union soldiers during civil war.

after civil war (as during war), millions of freed black people funneled concentration camps near union army bases, conditions unsanitary , food supplies limited. many killed through forced starvation, , other means. notorious of these instances took place in nachez, mississippi, referred devil s punchbowl. death camp established after freed black individuals fled natchez after being emancipated.

philippines

on december 7, 1901, during philippine–american war, general j. franklin bell began concentration camp policy in batangas—everything outside dead lines systematically destroyed: humans, crops, domestic animals, houses, , boats. similar policy had been quietly initiated on island of marinduque months before.

german-americans during world war i

several germans in internment camp @ fort douglas during world war i

at height of first world war, many of german descent became target of 2 regulations passed president woodrow wilson.two of 4 main world war i-era internment camps located in hot springs, n.c., , fort oglethorpe, georgia. attorney general a. mitchell palmer wrote aliens interned government regarded enemies, , property treated accordingly.

japanese-, german-, italian-americans , native alaskans during world war ii

in reaction bombing of pearl harbor japan in 1941, united states president franklin d. roosevelt issued executive order 9066 on february 19, 1942, allowed military commanders designate areas or persons may excluded. under order japanese , americans of japanese ancestry removed western coastal regions concentration camps in arkansas, oregon, washington, wyoming, colorado, arizona, utah, , idaho; german , italian citizens, permanent residents, , american citizens of respective ancestries (and american citizen family members) removed (among other places) west , east coast , relocated or interned, , one-third of declared exclusionary zone.

the fort lincoln, north dakota internment camp opened in april 1941 , closed in 1945. had peak population of 650. today (2014) houses united tribes technical college. ccc barracks buildings , 2 brick army baracks fenced , used house internees. first internees italian , german seamen. 800 italians arrived, sent fort missoula in montana. first japanese american issei arrived in 1942, transferred other camps. until february 1945, germans internees left @ camp, , then, 650 more japanese americans brought in, these 600 japanese americans had renounced u.s. citizenship , now, waiting sent japan. brick buildings remain others gone. there newspaper article bismarck tribune, march 2, 1946 stated 200 japanese still being held @ fort lincoln.

the locations of internment camps german-americans during world war ii

oklahoma housed german , italian pow s @ fort reno, located near el reno, , camp gruber, near braggs, oklahoma.

almost 120,000 japanese americans , resident japanese aliens removed homes , relocated.

about 2,200 japanese living in south america (mostly in peru) transported united states , placed in internment camps.

approximately 5,000 germans living in several latin american republics removed , transported united states , placed in internment camps. in addition, @ least 10,905 german americans held in more 50 internment sites throughout united states , hawaii.

alaska natives living on aleutian islands interned during war; funter bay 1 such camp.

vietnam war

from 1961 1963, military advisers directed creation of thousands of new, tightly controlled villages or strategic hamlets . while in cases these settlements relatively voluntary, form of internment camp.

afghan war , occupation of iraq

guantánamo force-feeding restraint chair.

in 2002, united states of america opened internment , detention camp in cuba called guantanamo bay detention camp, , opened internment , detention camp in afghanistan called bagram theater internment facility. both facilities established in order detain people captured during afghan war. in 2003, in order detain people captured during occupation of iraq, united states transformed iraqi prison internment , detention camp commonly referred baghdad central prison or abu ghraib prison.

due american government s policy of holding detainees indefinitely, number of captives have been held extended periods without being legally charged, including ayman saeed abdullah batarfi captured in 2001 , released guantanamo bay detention camp in 2009. document leaked international committee of red cross published new york times in november 2004, accused u.s. military of cruelty tantamount torture against detainees held @ guantanamo bay facility. in may 2005, human rights group amnesty international referred guantanamo bay detention camp gulag of our times.

in september 2006, after series of abuses including rape , murder of prisoners reported public, control of baghdad central prison transferred iraqis. subsequent investigative reports suggest united states continued directly influence , oversee campaign of torture carried out inside iraqi facilities after handover of iraq , related facilities finalized. in march 2013 revealed american officials, under pressure afghan officials, reached agreement after more year of negotiations hand on control of bagram theater internment facility afghan government. in deal, bagram theater internment facility, called other guantanamo human rights groups after reports of systematic abuse, renamed afghan national detention facility @ parwan. additionally, agreement extended authority american officials have on detainees released facility, containing guarantees afghan government detainees not released regardless of whether or not tried circumstances related individual detentions. afghans formally took on control of other day-to-day operations. guantanamo bay detention camp remains open , operated americans.