Side effects Polio vaccine

doses of oral polio vaccine added sugar cubes use in 1967 vaccination campaign in bonn, west germany

the inactivated polio vaccines safe. mild redness or pain may occur @ site of injection. oral polio vaccine results in vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in 3 per million doses. safe give during pregnancy , in have hiv/aids otherwise well.

vaccine-induced polio

a potential, rare, adverse effect of oral polio vaccine (opv) known ability recombine form may cause neurological infection , cause paralysis. clinical disease, including paralysis, caused vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv) indistinguishable caused wild polioviruses. believed rare event, outbreaks of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp), caused circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cvdpv), have been reported, , tend occur in areas of low coverage opv, presumably because opv protective against related outbreak strain.

contamination concerns

in 1960, determined rhesus monkey kidney cells used prepare poliovirus vaccines infected sv40 virus (simian virus-40). sv40 discovered in 1960 , naturally occurring virus infects monkeys. in 1961, sv40 found cause tumors in rodents. more recently, virus found in forms of cancer in humans, instance brain , bone tumors, pleural , peritoneal mesothelioma, , types of non-hodgkin s lymphoma. however, has not been determined sv40 causes these cancers.

sv40 found present in stocks of injected form of polio vaccine (ipv) in use between 1955 , 1963. not found in opv form. on 98 million americans received 1 or more doses of polio vaccine between 1955 , 1963 when proportion of vaccine contaminated sv40; has been estimated 10–30 million americans may have received dose of vaccine contaminated sv40. later analysis suggested vaccines produced former soviet bloc countries until 1980, , used in ussr, china, japan, , several african countries, may have been contaminated; meaning hundreds of millions more may have been exposed sv40.

in 1998, national cancer institute undertook large study, using cancer case information institute s seer database. published findings study revealed there no increased incidence of cancer in persons may have received vaccine containing sv40. large study in sweden examined cancer rates of 700,000 individuals had received potentially contaminated polio vaccine late 1957; study again revealed no increased cancer incidence between persons received polio vaccines containing sv40 , did not. question of whether sv40 causes cancer in humans remains controversial however, , development of improved assays detection of sv40 in human tissues needed resolve controversy.

during race develop oral polio vaccine several large scale human trials undertaken. 1958, national institutes of health had determined opv produced using sabin strains safest. between 1957 , 1960, however, hilary koprowski continued administer vaccine around world. in africa, vaccines administered 1 million people in belgian territories (now democratic republic of congo, rwanda , burundi). results of these human trials have been controversial, , unfounded accusations in 1990s arose vaccine had created conditions necessary transmission of siv chimpanzees humans, causing hiv/aids. these hypotheses have, however, have been conclusively refuted. 2004, cases of poliomyelitis in africa had been reduced small number of isolated regions in western portion of continent, sporadic cases elsewhere. recent local opposition vaccination campaigns have evolved due lack of adequate information, relating fears vaccine might induce sterility. disease has since resurged in nigeria , in several other african nations without necessary information, epidemiologists believe due refusals local populations allow children receive polio vaccine.