Samsāra in Hinduism Saṃsāra

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in hinduism, saṃsāra journey of soul. body dies, assert hindu traditions, not soul assumes eternal reality, indestructible , bliss. , existence connected, cyclical , composed of 2 things, soul , body or matter. eternal soul called atman never reincarnates, not change , cannot change in hindu belief. in contrast, body , personality, can change, changes, born , dies. current karma impacts future circumstances in life, future forms , realms of lives. intent , actions lead future, bad intent , actions lead bad future, in hindu view of life.


a virtuous life, actions consistent dharma, believed hindus contribute better future, whether in life or future lives. aim of spiritual pursuits, whether through path of bhakti (devotion), karma (work), jnana (knowledge), or raja (meditation) self-liberation (moksha) samsara.


the upanishads, part of scriptures of hindu traditions, focus on self-liberation saṃsāra. bhagavad gita discusses various paths liberation. upanishads, states harold coward, offer optimistic view regarding perfectibility of human nature , , goal of human effort in these texts continuous journey self-perfection , self-knowledge end saṃsāra. aim of spiritual quest in upanishadic traditions find true self within , know 1 s soul, state believes leads blissful state of freedom, moksha.


differences within hindu traditions

all hindu traditions , darśanas share concept of saṃsāra, differ in details , describe state of liberation saṃsāra be. saṃsāra viewed cycle of rebirth in temporal world of changing reality or maya (appearance, illusive), brahman defined never changes or sat (eternal truth, reality), , moksha realization of brahman , freedom saṃsāra.


the dualistic devotional traditions such madhvacharya s dvaita vedanta tradition of hinduism champion theistic premise, assert individual human soul , brahman (vishnu, krishna) 2 different realities, loving devotion vishnu means release samsara, grace of vishnu leads moksha, , spiritual liberation achievable in after-life (videhamukti). nondualistic traditions such adi shankara s advaita vedanta tradition of hinduism champion monistic premise, asserting individual human soul , brahman identical, ignorance, impulsiveness , inertia leads suffering through saṃsāra, in reality no dualities, meditation , self-knowledge path liberation, realization 1 s soul identical brahman moksha, , spiritual liberation achievable in life (jivanmukti).








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