Historical background Prime Minister of Russia

1 historical background

1.1 imperial period

1.1.1 russian prime ministers
1.1.2 1905–1917


1.2 provisional government
1.3 soviet period
1.4 post-soviet period

historical background

imperial period
early russian prime ministers

until 1905, head of government emperor. in absence of emperor, ministers 1 one, starting oldest in rank, each 4 sessions.

in 1810, chairmanship granted state chancellor count nikolay rumyantsev, former chairman of state council. since 1812, chairman of committee has evolved independent position, until 1865 coincide presidency of council of state.

traditionally, chairmanship of committee last in public service honorary position appointed dignitaries have become old execution of duties of minister. number of committee chairmen (especially duke alexander chernyshyov, count alexey f. orlov, count dmitry bludov) characterized contemporaries barely alive miserable, etc. count modest korf jokingly wrote count chernyshov: look, live! . duke pavel gagarin died in office @ age of 83 years.

1905–1917

count sergei witte, first prime minister of russia

the modern post of prime minister appeared in 1905. decree of emperor nicholas ii on 19 october 1905 established government — council of ministers bringing ministers in 1 cabinet (previously each minister reported directly emperor affairs of department). chairman of council of ministers officially became full-fledged head of government. first prime minister appointed count sergei witte.

since 1905, prime minister received extensive powers, had opportunity pursue own policies , reforms. 1 of strongest prime ministers considered pyotr stolypin, during premiership has held several major (though controversial) reforms.

despite presence of state duma, government not responsible parliament. although sergei witte , pyotr stolypin @ beginning of premiership, tried form coalition government of largest political organizations, did not succeed. state duma nevertheless tried gain influence on government, particularly conflict of state duma , government evident during premiership of ivan goremykin.

the position of chairman of council of ministers of russian empire, lasted 12 years, during time, 7 people took post (one twice). position abolished after russian revolution, abdication of nicholas ii throne , formation of provisional government.

provisional government

georgy lvov, 9th prime minister of russia (1st minister-chairman of russian provisional government)

during russian provisional government in 1917, official title of prime minister minister-chairman of russian provisional government . position held 2 people, georgy lvov , alexander kerensky.

the position lasted 6 months, , after october revolution, replaced chairman of council of people s commissars of russian sfsr.

soviet period

in era of soviet union, head of government chairman of council of people s commissars (until 1946) , chairman of council of ministers (after 1946). people held positions referred prime ministers. may have been referred premier of ministers, or premier.

post-soviet period

viktor chernomyrdin, 30th prime minister of russia (1st chairman of government of russian federation)

currently, formal title chairman of government of russian federation.

in modern russia prime minister appointed president consent of state duma. prime minister responsible president , regular reports in front of him, @ time state duma, should report once year.

after election of boris yeltsin, president of russia, head of government yeltsin. headed russian sfsr council of ministers (16 may 1992, council of ministers of russian federation) 6 months. in fact, yeltsin first head of government of russia after dissolution of soviet union, not prime minister. after yeltsin, acting prime minister became yegor gaidar, russian supreme soviet refused approve him prime minister. 14 december 1992, prime minister appointed viktor chernomyrdin.

the russian political system similar modern french system. appointment of prime minister president needs majority in state duma. if party president not have majority , fails form coalition, president may need appoint loyal prime minister. example occurred in 1998 when state duma (which had of opposition president of party) twice refused appoint prime minister viktor chernomyrdin , boris yeltsin appointed prime minister yevgeny primakov, supported left opposition.

in mid-90s in russia there term technical prime minister . term refers prime minister, not independent political figure, nominal head of government, , in fact activities of government headed president.