Chinese Chemical elements in East Asian languages

1 chinese

1.1 native characters
1.2 characters based on european pronunciations
1.3 meaning-based characters
1.4 discovered elements
1.5 in periodic table
1.6 notes

chinese

in chinese, characters elements last officially created , recognized characters in chinese writing system. unlike characters unofficial varieties of chinese (e.g., written cantonese) or other now-defunct ad hoc characters (e.g., empress wu), names elements official, consistent, , taught (with mandarin pronunciation) every chinese , taiwanese student has attended public schools (usually first year of middle school). new names , symbols decided upon china national committee terms in sciences , technologies.

native characters

some metallic elements familiar chinese, ores excavated , used extensively in china construction, alchemy, , medicine. these include long-established group of 5 metals (五金) — gold (金), silver (銀), copper (銅), iron (鐵), , tin (錫) — lead (鉛) , mercury (汞).

some non-metals named in chinese well, because minerals in widespread use. example,

boron (硼) part of borax
carbon (碳) in form of charcoal
sulfur (硫) had been used make gunpowder since @ least 10th century in china.

characters based on european pronunciations

however, chinese did not know of elements until isolated during industrial age. these new elements therefore required new characters, invented using phono-semantic principle. each character consists of 2 parts, 1 signify meaning , other hint @ sound:

† 內/内 pronounced nèi, has less commonly nà, source of 納/纳. likewise, primary pronunciation of 弟 dì, alternate reading of tì gave rise 悌.
* derived pronunciation differs (in tone or in sound) pronunciation of element.

the water radical (水) used, since 2 elements (bromine , mercury) liquid @ standard room temperature , pressure. both of characters not based on european pronunciation of elements names. bromine (溴), liquid nonmetal @ room temperature, explained in following section. mercury (汞), grouped heavy metals, long classified kind of fluid in ancient china.

meaning-based characters

a few characters, though, not created using above phono-semantic design, semantic-semantic , is, both of parts indicate meanings. 1 part refers element s usual state (like semanto-phonetic characters), while other part indicates additional property or function of element. in addition, second part indicates pronunciation of element. such elements are:

recently discovered elements

in 2015, iupac recognised discovery of 4 new elements. in november 2016, iupac published formal names , symbols: nihonium (113nh), moscovium (115mc), tennessine (117ts), , oganesson (118og).

subsequently, in january 2017, china national committee terms in sciences , technologies published 4 naming characters these elements. national academy educational research under ministry of education of republic of china on taiwan published identical list in april 2017. 1 of them, moscovium, existing character (u+9546 镆 (html 镆)). other 3 new (and not yet encoded in unicode). since there exists character japan (日本), chinese symbol nihonium (named after japan) have been 鈤 (a former name both germanium , radium), instead new character created.

the symbols are:

nihonium:
moscovium: 镆
tennessine:
oganesson:

in periodic table

periodic table using simplified chinese characters



notes

a minority of new characters not new inventions, coincide archaic characters, original meanings have long been lost people. example, 鏷 (protactinium), 鈹 (beryllium), 鉻 (chromium), , 鑭 (lanthanum) obscure characters meaning raw iron , needle , hook , , harrow respectively.

the majority of elements names same in simplified chinese , traditional chinese, merely being variants of each other, since of names translated single body of standardization before prc-roc split. however, since francium , transuranium elements discovered during or after split, have different names in taiwan , in mainland china. in hong kong, both taiwanese , mainland chinese names used.

the isotopes of hydrogen – protium (h), deuterium (d) , tritium (t) – written 氕 piē, 氘 dāo , 氚 chuān, respectively, in both simplified , traditional writing.

鑀 used in taiwan both einsteinium (mainland china: 锿) , ionium, previous name isotope thorium-230.